世新大學九十三學年度碩士在職專班招生考試試題卷
|
系所別 |
考試科目 |
|
經濟學系 |
英文 |
*考生請於答案卷內作答
A1(30%)
The report from the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, sponsored by the International Labour Organization is short on rigorous analysis. Above all, it suffers from evasion of some of the dilemmas the world confronts.
For all its limitations, the reader should welcome at least four points: the age of globalization has seen important economic advances for important poor countries; the trade policies of the rich countries are indefensible; the financial liberalization adopted by many developing countries has frequently had damaging consequences;
And, finally, a necessary condition for alleviation of extreme poverty is greater international assistance targeted on the poorest countries.
In 16 developing countries, containing 45 per cent the world’s population, gross domestic product per head rose by more than 3 per cent a year between 1985 and 2001. Among these are the two Asian giants, China and India. This is cheering. Yet in 23 countries, containing 5 per cent of the world’s population, GDP per head declined. In another 14, containing just under 8 per cent of the world’s population, incomes per head rose by less than 1 per cent a year. In all, some 750m people live in countries that are failing. Globalization has created opportunities. Many have benefited. But many also have not.
A2(30%)
There are many roles an economist can play as adviser to a firm. If we really understand things better, maybe we actually male improvements in them. If nothing else, we can understand that if the constraints change, than a system that’s designed in a particular way would need to adapt itself to the new circumstances. For example, a firm might have a centralized organization that’s good in one set of circumstances and then suddenly the circumstances change and innovation becomes very important. Then that situation calls for changes toward organizational structures that are more suited for innovation.
So you can explain the tradeoff between central control and more flexible, innovative structures so that a firm’s managers understand these forces. They then might realize that the reason why other firms change organizational structures may not relevant in their case.
The economist can help people understand the variety of organizations so that they can pick the right one for the right set of circumstances. There isn’t one organization that’s good for everything---quite the contrary. Some activities require one kind of organization; some activities require another kind of organization. Charities, for instance, would not be well run by for-profit firms because they would run away with the money. That’s an extreme example. So, non-profit organizations play a very important role in running charities.
B1(20%)
國際競爭力不只是一個抽象的觀念，它應該要能反映經濟體在未來屬經濟成長的真實能力、最終要落實在提升人民生活水準之上。我們要從經濟發展的經驗中學習到，適用於以開發經濟體的最高標準的制度設計、或世界一流的技術水準，雖然也可能是開發中國家應該學習的目標，但在它未必就已經能在開發中國家中適用，而對其競爭力具有關鍵性的作用。
B2(20%)
欲提升平均每人所得，必須增加勞動生產力，要增加勞動生產力可增加平均每人資本存量及提升生產技術，提升生產技術靠的是研究發展，因此許多國家都有各種鼓勵研究發展的政策及措施。資本存量的累積靠的是不斷的投資。廠商若有較高的投資意願，資本存量累積的速度會比較快。財產權的保障及政治的穩定會有利於提高投資意願。